in the united states the 5-year survival rate for cancer overall is currently quizlet

Androgens promote the growth of both normal and cancerous prostate cells by binding to and activating the androgen receptor, a protein that is expressed in prostate cells ( 1). Androgens are also necessary for prostate cancers to grow. The most abundant androgens in men are testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).Īndrogens are required for normal growth and function of the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system that helps make semen. Hormones circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs.Īndrogens (male sex hormones) are a class of hormones that control the development and maintenance of male characteristics. Read and follow label instructions with household and garden chemicals, and use natural products when possible (e.g., soap spray to kill aphids).Hormones are substances that are made by glands in the body. Limit your exposure to pesticides and insecticides. Minimize exposure to these products by wearing protective clothing, using protective equipment, and following standard safety procedures covered in employee training. Exposure to asbestos and other industrial materials increases the risk, especially when combined with smoking. Ionizing radiation includes X-rays, radon, and UV radiation.

Exposure to Radiation, Workplace Hazards, and Certain Chemicals Avoid excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. See Chapter 15 for additional information on sexually transmitted infections. For example, condom use during sex can prevent sexual exposure to hepatitis B, HPV, and HIV. Risk of exposure to these infections can be reduced by behavioral changes. Chronic viral hepatitis (B or C) is associated with a 34-fold increase in risk of liver cancer, and AIDS-related cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma are caused by HIV infection. Vaccination can help prevent many cervical cancer deaths, but they are effective only if given before infection with HPV. These viruses can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. For example, human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the major cause of cervical cancer and may also be a risk factor for penile cancer. Exposure to Some Viral Infections Some viral infections can initiate inflammation and cellular damage that leads to cancer.

In the united states the 5-year survival rate for cancer overall is currently quizlet